The Divided City of Khartoum: The question of urbanization
Academic Paper
The high wave of IDPs flowing to Khartoum city as a consequence of the push forces of continuous civil wars has been referred to many reasons, those reason can be subdivided into the main factor which is the push factor of civil war, and to sub-factor of the pull forces, as Khartoum city considered as a hub platform for education, economic and civil society life. As well, the natural disaster such as famine and drought resulted from civil war has pushed many people to Khartoum city. Actually, recent estimation shows that 30% of Khartoum total populations are IDPs, which is considered one of the highest weights of IDPs population in African cities. This essay is about to highlight the implication of civil war in the growing of IDPs in Khartoum city. So it’s important to give a short brief on the three civil wars in Sudan, following by monitoring flee of IDPs to Khartoum city. Then, to analyze the IDPs population in Khartoum, by surveying and breakdown the forces affect the flowing of IDPs to Khartoum. The governmental and international agencies responses to the flee of IDPs to Khartoum as well took many shapes, from introducing new policies for IDPs to implement urban planning approaches to accommodate the IDPs. By assessing these policies and planning approaches we can then determine the potentials of public and International NGO sectors to deal with the dramatic wave of IDPs flow to Khartoum. In fact, there is still many micro responds from small NGOs and community initiative, However it’s still minors. The essay concentrates in the broad wide official responses. Whether the government responds or the international NGOS response. It’s believed that IDPs situation has its own context, the civil wars pushed many people to Khartoum city periphery. The government and NGOs respond is still not inclusive as huge proportion of IDPs still facing many challenges. Highlighting challenges faces IDPs can be addressed by many issues. In this essay, the IDPs challenges will be addressed with regard to housing situation, employment, access to water, transportation and vulnerability to forced eviction practice. And comparing these challenges with non-IDPs population in order to come up with the comparison approach that presents the IDPs challenges in the context of Khartoum City as whole. The surveying and numbers will be captured from different resource, and it’s important to consider that all surveying numbers are estimated. As there is no accurate numerical data base resource for Khartoum IDPs. However, all the numbers introduced in the easy is referred to reliable international agencies with a high credibility and accountability in dealing with IDPs situation around the world. At the end, it will be important to come up with finings that draw in the implication of the continuous civil war in IDPs livelihood lived in Khartoum and to bring well structure reliable argument to address three main approaches of the essay. First, flee of IDPs to Khartoum, official responds and on-going challenges facing IDPs population.
KHALAFALLA OMER 